Unusual as it may seem, there exists a thriving global online market for preserved human remains, a niche interest that scientists warn could pose potential health risks. Lead author Kirsty Squires and her team conducted a study, detailed in the International Journal of Cultural Property, analyzing 128 online posts between 2015 and 2025 showcasing or advertising the sale of mummified remains from humans and animals.
Squires, a bioarchaeology professor at the University of Staffordshire in England, noted that mummified heads, hands, and feet were commonly featured in the posts. These mummified body parts can contain dormant microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and yeast, which if mishandled, could lead to health complications. However, experts suggest that collectors well-versed in proper handling techniques may not face significant risks.
Guidelines for Safe Handling of Mummified Remains
Squires highlighted that many online images exhibited visible signs of deterioration due to inadequate storage conditions. Unlike in museums, where mummies are stored under controlled temperature and humidity, private owners may store these remains in unsuitable environments, risking the release of harmful fungal spores and bacteria into the air during handling.
During her research, Squires employs protective gear when handling human remains, unlike some sellers who fail to use gloves. Individuals with weakened immune systems are particularly vulnerable to airborne microorganisms present in mummified tissue, which can affect the respiratory system and cause skin and eye irritation.
Moreover, mummified body parts may contain traces of toxic substances such as arsenic and mercury from embalming fluids used in the 19th and early 20th centuries, as outlined in the study.
Unveiling the Real Risks of Mummified Remains
While the study does not report any documented cases of illness resulting from handling online-sold human remains, historical incidents serve as cautionary tales. In 1973, 10 out of 12 conservation scientists perished from inhaling Aspergillus spores while opening the tomb of King Casimir the Fourth of Poland in the 15th century.
Speculation also surrounds the death of British archaeological patron Lord Carnarvon in 1923, shortly after entering Tutankhamun’s burial chamber, attributing it to airborne fungal spores. Despite health concerns, James Scott, a public health professor, emphasizes the ethical dilemmas posed by the trade rather than health risks.
Insight into Canada’s Mummified Remains Market
Out of the posts scrutinized, 11 originated from individuals in Canada. Digital archaeology expert Shawn Graham of Carleton University notes the prevalence of dealers in Canada and the lack of meaningful regulations in the trade of human remains.
While the Canadian Border Services Agency may inspect remains crossing borders, Canada Post restricts the mailing of mummified human remains, allowing only cremated remains that meet specific shipping criteria. Private carriers like Purolator and UPS explicitly prohibit the shipment of human remains.
Squires notes that sellers can easily circumvent regulations by falsely labeling packages as archaeological samples, raising concerns about mishandling and potential risks to postal workers.